No. Ordinary separation in Switzerland generally does not require court approval. However, there are exceptions where court involvement is essential.
Separation is usually the first step towards divorce. Different approaches are possible. You can separate informally without recording maintenance or other arrangements. However, a separation agreement is usually recommended. It may specify whether maintenance is paid and how much, who remains in the marital home and other matters. If both spouses agree the consequences, it can be concluded outside court. Despite no court involvement, it binds both parties.
If you cannot agree separation arrangements, proceedings for protective measures within marriage are possible. The court settles the consequences in a binding manner. The competent court is at the residence of at least one spouse. In these cases, you must involve the court.
In short: As long as both spouses agree separation consequences, particularly maintenance and allocation of the home, no court involvement is needed. If agreement is not complete, the court should be asked for protective measures within marriage to determine separation consequences.